Post-production:
Editing
Key Concepts
- Shot Sequencing
- How to Avoid Jump Cuts
- Real Time, Compressed Time, and Extended Time in Film
- Cutting on Action and Matching Action
- Continuity
- Dialogue Editing
Lesson: Shot Sequencing
- All shots must be 2 shot sizes different than previous (ie: WS > MS)
- Remember headroom and headroom in each camera shot
- All shots must change camera angle by a minimum of 30 degrees
- Repeat the subjects action in all shots (ie: previous action > current action)
- Continuity (ie: wardrobe, background, props are in the correct hand etc.)
- Continuity - 180 Degree Rule - don’t cross the axis - stay on the same side of subject
- Subject must enter camera frame and exit camera frame in all shots
Lesson: How to Avoid Jump Cuts
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To avoid jump cuts in a sequence, shots should be two shot sizes different when cut back to back. For example:
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Lesson: Real Time, Compressed Time, and Extended Time in Film
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Here are a few links that show you the differences between: Real Time, Compressed Time, Extended Time in film https://www.mediacollege.com/video/editing/time/ https://www.videomaker.com/article/c18/17968-images-in-time-expressing-and-manipulating-time-in-cinema https://www.videomaker.com/article/c10/14919-expand-and-condense-time |
Lesson: Cutting on Action and Matching Action
This is a film/video editing technique where the editor cuts from one camera shot to another camera shot (often with an angle change) that matches the first shot's action. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_on_action)
- repeat the last action from the previous shot in the sequence (overlap in video recording process) in the new shot so that you can match the action in editing
- this will then naturally create a cut on the action point in the sequence during the edition process in which the audience shouldn’t notice the camera shot size or angle change as an abruptly visual edit
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LESSON: Dialogue Editing (Source: chinfat - YouTube channel)
Key Concepts and Techniques
- Edit for the best audio before editing for visuals - natural pauses at the in/out points of each clip
- "J" and "L" cuts
- Backtiming
- Reactions
- Matching
Some Reminders and Tips
- A scene requires "pacing" (natural and engaging) that reflects the script content/story
- Adjust "audio gain" for all clips (set to approx. -6dB to -3dB)
- Use "Rolling Edit Tool" while holding "Alt" key to create "J" and "L" cuts with the video portion of each clip
- As the editor you need to make many decisions - ask yourself who's delivery or reaction is more important to the script/story/character in order to engage the audience and move the story forward
- After creating "J" and "L" cuts then try to insert close ups (CU's), reactions, master shot etc.
- Delete any audio tracks with audio that will never be used (ie: internal (INT) microphone recordings)
- Peer asses your work
Assignment: Hard Cell - Dialogue Scene Editing Rubric
Using the footage recorded in class for the "Hard Cell" short film, edit the first dialogue scene. Follow the tips and techniques as stated above in order to create an engaging sense of reality within the scene of the film.